Comparison of two medieval theocracies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison of two medieval theocracies - Essay Example Yet though both cultures developed theocratic systems of government during the medieval period, we will see that they came to that system of government through very different means and enacted quite different measures to secure and maintain that system. First, though, we should consider the nature of theocracy itself. In a theocratic government, religion forms the basis for political decisions. Government leadership and religious leadership are synonymous, since faith in the governing religion is a prerequisite to political power. Religious texts and tenets provide the backbone for civil law and government. Those members of a theocratic society who do not espouse the prevailing faith may be disenfranchised at best and persecuted at worst. Such was the case when Christianity became the prevailing religion in Western Europe during the Middle Ages — an ironic development since Christians themselves had been a persecuted class in the Roman Empire from the time of Nero (54-68) until the emperor Constantine was converted to Christianity in the early 300s (Tierney). The dramatic power shift led to the most significant power struggle of the medieval period in Europe: the uneasy problem of church and state. Constantine had brought the church to a position of previously unimagined power, but in return, he expected the unwavering alliance of the church — in matters of faith as well as matters of government, as the great debate over the Arian and Nicene faiths in the 300s demonstrated. The challenge was that Christianity had to win over strong, existing systems of government and people whose religious were as sophisticated and compelling (and sometimes more fun) than Christianity. How could a theocracy come to bear in a system of existing governments? The church was inventive — it assimilated pagan traditions to make its asceticism more

Sex Trafficking in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sex Trafficking in America - Research Paper Example t that this crime has on its victims and the approaches employed by the victims to cope up with the consequences, giving recommendations that would curb the spread and consequences of the crime. Human trafficking has been widely acknowledged as slavery in the modern context. According to Loftus (2011), this comes from people being forcefully, coercively or fraudulently induced to undertake forced bonded labor, forced labor or even forced prostitution. Most of the victims would be lured to the US with a promise for better opportunities to earn money only to find a different scenario when they get there. Of particular focus on this paper would be human trafficking involving forced prostitution referred to as sex trafficking. McCabe and Manian (2010) adopt the United Nations’ definition of sex trafficking describing it as coercive, forceful or fraudulent induction of an act of commercial sex or a context where the person being inducted into performing such an act would be a minor. The major victims of sex trafficking according to (Kunze, 2010) include the women and children. The sex business in the US operates uniquely in all parts whether urban or rural with the study on sex trafficking by Walters and Davis (2011) observing the presence of internationally trafficked women across the country. Whereas there are sex enterprises operating or incorporated legally, there are those operating illegally behind legal businesses like nail salons or restaurants. Further, the researchers observe the advertisement of sex businesses in varied ways including the print media such as newspapers, periodicals, sex guides and even billboards. The owners of these businesses could be families or prominent persons in local communities including lawyers and judges. Majority of those used in these sex businesses would be foreign citizens trafficked into the US. Loftus (2011) regards human trafficking as the second largest form of global criminal enterprise globally with US Department of

Applying change theories on the implementation of an ambulance despatch system

Applying change theories on the implementation of an ambulance despatch system 1. INTRODUCTION Change is inevitable and to enhance the efficiency of the services that a company offers, change is very necessary. The world is changing everyday. This is attributed to the advancement in technology, globalisation in addition to many other factors. There is an incentive for all business and economic institution to change in order to benefit from the advancement in information technology. This is one of the factors that motivated the Metropolitan Ambulance Service (MAS) in Melbourne to implement a state of the art emergency despatch and communication system in 1994. In the late 1980s, the MAS received criticism based on poor ambulance response times(Darren,2004).In an average day, MAS ambulances attends to more than 600 medical emergencies and are also involved in transporting around 400 patients(Darren, 2004). Therefore, the decision to improve previous system as a result of delays is acceptable and necessary to provide a timely, appropriate, and professional response to all calls f or emergency assistance (Darren, 2004). However, the underlying decision to implement this system and the strategies utilised to implement this information system affected the efficiency to deliver desired services. The new CEO, John Farmer, intended to change the way the MAS operated through the utilisation of computer technology in two areas: management of emergency calls and management of finances (Darren, 2004). This decision in conjunction with politics and other strategies were the catalyst for the failure to implement change in the MAS. This paper is set to analyse the case study written by Prof Darren Dalcher in 2004 (Emergency: Implementing an Ambulance Despatch System).The case study highlights the story of the problematic implementation of a computerised despatch system for the Metropolitan Ambulance Service (MAS) in Melbourne, Australia(Darren, 2004). The aim of this paper to analyse how information system implementation approaches, resistance theories and change theories such as Lewins Three Step Change Theor y, Lippits phases of change Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory can be applied to the case study to bring about necessary changes. 2.LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review is divided into 3 sections. The first section explains the four approaches designed for implementing I.T systems. The second section explains resistance theories. The third section explains change theories. 2.1 There are four approaches available for implementing an I.T information system. These approaches include 2.1.1 Plunge approach: The plunge approach means implementing a system in an urgent fashion, by ending the previous system at a particular day and starting the new system the next day. This approach minimises transition cost and operation cost. However, the plunge approach is risky and could easily lead to system failure. (Efraim Linda, 2010, p 533) 2.1.2 Parallel approach: The parallel approach means operating the old and the new system at the same time. Although the parallel approach is costly to operate, it is beneficial in the long run because major problems about the new system would have been identified and solved. If the new system fails, the old system acts as a backup for achieving the corporate goal. (Efraim Linda, 2010, p 533) 2.1.3 Pilot approach: The pilot system means operating the new system in another geographical area or a specific branch of the organisation in study. Conducting the pilot study to examine the impact of change will avoid unseen complications (Anderson,1985). 2.1.4 The phased approach: The phased approach is applicable to both parallel and plunge approach. It focuses on implementing every module or version of the system as it is developed and tested. Efraim Linda, 2010, p 533).The cost of application varies with the methodology. (Efraim Linda, 2010, p 533) 2.2 Resistance theories: 2.2.1 The people oriented theory: The people-oriented theory suggests that resistance to systems is created by factors internal to users as individuals or groups.( James, Waleed, and Gary (1999)). Gardner, Dukes and Discenza (1993) supports the notion that certain characteristics (e.g., age, gender) as well as varying background, value and belief systems contribute to an individuals attitude towards technology. 2.2.2 The system oriented theory The system-oriented theory posits that resistance is induced externally by factors inherent in the design of the system or the technology being used (James, Waleed, and Gary (1999).Such factors include user interface and other systems characteristics (e.g., realization of requirements, performance, reliability, and the degree of centralization, distribution, or decentralization)( James, Waleed, and Gary (1999). 2.2.3 The Interaction oriented theory: The interaction theory explains that systems acquire different political and social meaning in different settings and that different users perceive the effects of the same system differently ( James, Waleed, and Gary ,1999). Resistance may, for example, manifest itself as a result of shifting power relationships (James, Waleed, and Gary ,1999). 2.3The change theories 2.3.1 Kurt Lewins planned change: The Lewins planned change theory argues that planned change occurs by design where each and every process is planned. This is as opposed to spontaneous change or change by accident. The status quo is disrupted and results into some imbalance of forces. The two forces that are mostly present are the driving force and the restraining force. The driving force acts as a motivator in motion towards a positive direction or a goal that has been set. The restraining force opposes the movement towards a destined goal. When the opposing forces are overcome, another equilibrium position is reached (Bessie, 2003: p.167). The three phases that are identified include: unfreezing the status quo, attaining a new state (moving) and refreezing to make the change permanent. The first steps are informing stakeholders of the required change and agree on the importance of the change. According to Miller (1982) one of the most difficult tasks is getting people to accept a change. Change is challenging and the stakeholders or users may feel as if they have lost control of everything but it is important to encourage them. The individuals will then take time to implement the real change. This might take quite sometime but the process should be gradual. Freezing makes the process to stabilize and the process can now be implemented into the system. 2.3.2 Lippits Phases of Change Theory In Lippits Phases of Change Theory, an extension of the Lewins Change Theory is done. Seven steps are developed that focus more on the change agent than on the change itself. This involves exchange of information throughout the process. The change begins by a diagnosis of the problem and then checking the motivation that the change will bring and the capacity of the change to make a difference from the current situation. The change agent should also be examined so as to decide if the necessary capacity that is required is available (Alicia, 2004: p.1). The strategies that will be used to accomplish the change are chosen and each agent of change is assigned and alerted of the changes that are expected from his part. Experts and facilitators may be required at this stage and may be part of the change agents. The institution implementing the change should ensure that the change is maintained. This can be achieved by efficient communication, coordination and feedback on every activity th at takes place. When the change has been implemented and the employees have adopted the new culture, the change agent can now withdraw from the process. 2.3.3 Social cognitive theory: According to the social cognitive theory, individuals can change their behaviours depending on the environmental factors that surround them, the personal factors of the individuals and the attributes of the behaviour itself. The individuals must believe that they have the capacity to perform the new behaviour and they must also see the importance of adopting the new behaviour. If the individuals see the consequences of the behaviour to be positive, they will be willing to adopt the new behaviour and vice versa. This means that social learning will take place where the individuals can perceive the positive expectations to outdo the negative expectations (Alicia, 2004: p.1). If the individuals can visualize the positive benefits and see the importance of the change, they are likely to be motivated and to have more morale to carry out the changes in the behaviour. Self-efficacy is the most important aspect in this process and can be increased by: giving clear instructions that will allo w the change to be achieved, providing proper training that will enable the individuals to develop the skills required for the change to be achieved and trying to model the desired behaviour. 3. Analysis of the Case Study The MAS was established at the end of the nineteenth century. The aim was to offer emergency medical transport especially in transporting patients in critical conditions to hospitals as fast as possible. They offer first aid services to individuals that require the first aid services as they move them to places where they can be attended to. They provide first aid education to the public for free and in addition, they provide special facilities that can be used by individuals who require these special transport services in order to get to the hospital. In the late 1980s, MAS experienced intense criticism with the press analysing major events where the companys response to calls was very poor. The private sector had also tried to become very active and had started actively competing with the MAS. The financial status of the MAS had also been very poor. The service was recording losses every year. The relationship that existed between MAS management and the ambulance unions was not good. Many strikes, mistrust and tensions had always prevailed in the region and the media produced some articles on how the ambulance had been inadequate in dealing with some cases. In 1992, it was found that MAS was using some systems that were not integrated in terms of technology. As a result, the new government which was elected was concerned with the way the service was using the finances that the government had allocated to it. A review that was formed in 1992 to address the issue concluded that the MAS should restructure its management and structu re so that it could focus on improved technological systems so that the dispatch of ambulances could be strengthened. A John farmer was elected as the CEO and he wanted to use computer technology in managing emergency calls and in the management of finances. X-consultants were given the contract for providing the emergency system and were offered about $A32 million by the Victoria State Government. In 1994, the media produced records of delays by the company and the deaths that occurred as a result of those delays (Darren, 2004: p.1). The implementation strategy was flawed from the start because stakeholder had different objectives. The means the government was more focussed on reducing cost than employing the right agent for the project. The X-consultants agreed to an unrealistic timeframe in which to introduce the system (Darren, 2004). Implementation was scheduled to proceed in a Big Bang manner, with a switch over to the full system scheduled for 24 August 1995(Darren, 2004). The timeframe was obviously too short for the information system to be developed, tested and reviewed for further corrections. The fixed deadline imposed by the clients, without negotiation, became a major constraint on the project and proved to be a difficult hurdle for X-consultants (Darren, 2004). The CEO decided to use the plunge approach in implementing the new system in order to reduce cost. The methodology backfired and resulted into the failure of the new system. Other approaches such as parallel, pilot and phased approach should have been considered. Although these other approaches will not necessary minimise cost, the pace of the system implementation would have allowed for adjustment period to the new system (Zuboff, 1988). By May 1995, it became clear that X-consultants were unable to meet contract deadlines, while the media uncovered evidence of frequent system shut downs. (Darren, 2004). MAS officers began complaining to X-consultants and a heated row developed between the two organisations. (Darren, 2004).The obvious truth was that the ambulance union would have liked their members to do the despatching, rather than non-paramedic X-consultants civilians. (Darren 2004).This means the importance of the change has not been properly communicated. Resistance had developed within the organisation because MAS was not consulted about the need for change. The change was enacted by force instead by consultation from the stakeholders and users. The trade unions were ignored instead of been consulted to process change. The government and the CEO did not recognise the inability of sophisticated technology to overcome human and organisational issues(Darren, 2004). The government in conjunction with the CEO should have appropriate strategies to promote acceptance of the information system. They should have Involve employees in development of new systems to encourage a feeling of ownership (Mumford, 1979). Open lines of communication between employees and management should have been established (Land, 1992).The employees should be provided with information regarding system changes to preserve ownership (Jager, 1994). Morale-boosting activities should have been initiated, for example, company parties and newsletters, to promote community (Nord and Tucker, 1987). Standards could have been documented so new procedures are easy to learn and reference (Nord and Tucker, 1987). The CEO should have established in advance the demarcations of authority that will exist following changeover to clarify role definitions (Martinsons and Chong,1999). The CEO could have upgrade work environment following change e.g. more space and design for comfort, to improve atmosphere (Swanson, 1988). Job titles could have been altered to reflect increased responsibility to clarify job roles (Rivard, 1984). Show sympathy and be receptive to complaints following conversion to maintain user contact and trust ( Nord and Tucker,1987). Conduct orientation sessions to prepare for change (Rivard, 1984).Give job counselling to help users adjust (Holmes and Holmes, 1970). Organize group therapy to help users adjust (Hussain and Hussain, 1984). Retrain employees to be effective users of the new system (Aggarwal, 1998) According to Lewins planned theory, the first process that ought to have been discussed was if the change to privatise and outsource the emergency despatch system was necessary. If it was found to be necessary, the process of convincing the MAS of the importance of the change would begin. This would have taken sometime but at the end of the day, the individuals would have been convinced and would have embraced the need for change. The next process would have been identifying the driving forces and the restraining forces. When all these are identified, the goals that are destined are identified (Bessie, 2003: p.168). This will help in identifying the methods that will be used in achieving the corporate goals. The government together with the MAS could have sat down and negotiated on the requirements that would result in efficient distribution of the emergency services. Different companies that would have supplied the requirements would have been identified and the best one chosen. Th e barriers towards achieving these goals would also have been evaluated and ways of overcoming them designed. In unfreezing the status quo, the management together with some government officials will think of the specific areas that need change and these areas will eventually be destabilized. This will call for some processes that will involve the planned changes. The time that will be taken to establish the change may also be noted so that people may work and dedicate their efforts towards achieving the greater goal (Bessie, 2003: p.313). Much resistance should be expected as usual since some individuals will view the change as being stressful and may seem to lose focus. Reaching the equilibrium is not that easy and every member should be determined to make a change. This way, it will take less time to reach the destined goal. In dispatching the system, resistance is one of the expectations as individuals are not trained in working with computers and especially in the new software. The best training should be given to employees to ensure that they are confident in working with the new system. Appropriate software also ought to be developed so that there is no confusion in the software. The Lippits Phases of Change Theory could also have been used to address the issues that existed in the case study. Before taking any action, the government ought to have taken sometime to sit down with the MAS and see if there was a way that the problem could have been solved by making some changes. The first necessary process could have been diagnosing the problem and knowing why there were delays in releasing the ambulances that led to the death of many people. If a change was deemed fit for the process such as the proposed use of computers in call taking, the motivation and capacity for change could have been necessary before implementing it. Some agents like facilitators and experts could have been identified to help in the process of change. Determination of the capacity of the change agent to attain the required change is also necessary when using the Lippits Phases of Change Theory (Alicia, 2004: p.1). The power, stamina and commitment to change are important and therefore, the company should be very keen in selecting the change agents. The strategies that were to be used to help accomplish the change could have been identified and the change agents assigned the roles that they should play in the process. Proper communication between the change agents and the members of the company is necessary as it will allow the members to get the details about the change. 4. Conclusion The Victoria government in conjunction should have applied better I.T information system implementation approaches and better strategies to implement acceptance. Before proposing change, an analysis ought to have been done to determine if the change was necessary and if the capacity for change was available. Most of the processes failed because the companies together with the government never attempted to analyze the problem in hand before proposing the change. Again, after proposing the change, no analysis was done to see if the implementation of the change was possible and if so, whether the change would have any impact on the current process. References Alicia, K. (2004). Comparison of Change Theories. Retrieved on 19-Nov-09 from http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Kritsonis,%20Alicia%20Comparison%20of%20Change%20Theories.pdf Anderson E.F (1985). Managerial considerations in participative design of MIS/DSS, Information Management 9(4) pp. 201-207 . Aggarwal A.K (1998). End user training revisited, Journal of End User Computing 10(3) pp. 32-33. Bandura, A. (1986), Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Bessie, L. M. (2003). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. London: McMillan Publishers, 166-172. Becker, L. K. (2003): Related Risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 231-233. Darren, D. (2004). Emergency: Implementing an Ambulance Despatch System. UK: IDEA Group Publishing. Retrieved on 18-Nov-09 from http://www.infoscijournals.com/downloadPDF/pdf/IT5715_ZFAV6bdOJK.pdf Efraim, T. Linda, V. (2010): Information technology for management: Transforming organizations in the digital economy: 7th edn. Asia: John Wiley and sons. Geoff, C. (2009): The medical Priority and Dispatch System. Retrieved on 18-Nov-09 from http://www.emergencydispatch.org/articles/ArticleMPDS%28Cady%29.html Gardner D.G. Dukes R.L., Discenza R. (1993).Self-confidence and attitudes: a causal analysis, Computers in Human Behavior 9(3) pp. 427-440. Holmes T.S Holmes T.H (1970): Short-term intrusions into lifestyle routines, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 14 pp. 121-132. Hussain D. Hussain K.M (1984): Information Resource Management, Irwin, Homewood, IL. Henry, S. (1994). The origin of medical terms: Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Jager P.de (1994): Communicating in times of change, Journal of Systems Management pp. 28-30. James, J.J., Waleed, A.M Gary, K. (1999): â€Å"User resistance and strategies for promoting acceptance across system types† Information management, 37(2000), pp 25-36. Lex, D. (2000): American Anti-Management Theories of Organization: A Critique of Paradigm Proliferation, 312-314. Land F.F (1992) .The management of change: guidelines for the successful implementation of information systems, in A. Brown (Ed.), Creating a Business-based IT Strategy, Chapman Hall, London, UK, pp. 145-157. Lippitt, R., Watson, J. and Westley, B.: The Dynamics of Planned Change. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1958 Mumford E. (1979): Human values and the introduction of technological change, Manchester Business School Review 3(2), pp. 13-17. Mumford E. (1981): Participation -what does it mean and how can it be achieved, Manchester Business School Review 5(3) pp. 7-11. Mumford E. (1993): The ETHICS Approach, Communications of the ACM 36(6) pp. 82. Melanie, N. (2002): Theoretical Basis for Nursing. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 369-373. Miller, D. Friesen, P. (1982): ‘Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: two models of strategic momentum: Strategic management journal, vol3, pp. 1-25. Martinsons M.G Chong P.K.C (1982): The influence of human factors and specialist involvement on information systems success, Human Relations 52(1) (1999), pp. 123-152. Nord W.R. Tucker S.(1987). Implementing Routine and Radical Innovation, Lexington, Lexington Books, MA. Phillip, J. (2004). Ford to gasoline ambulance in 2010 Rivard S. (1984): Successful implementation on end-user computing, Interfaces 17(3) pp. 25-33. Swanson E.B (1988). Information systems implementation: bridging the gap between design and utilization, Irwin, Homewood, IL. Tony, B. (2004): The Principles and Practice of Educational Management. New York: Sage Publishers, 123-124. Zuboff S. (1988). In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power, Basic Books, New York.

French Lietenants Woman :: essays papers

French Lietenants Woman Existentialism, a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness, isolation and freedom upon and individual is a major theme in John Fowles’, The French Lieutenants Woman. Is our life ordained by the superior, or do we power our future? In chapter 13, Fowles interrupts the narration and notes the natural aspects of writing as a novelist, the freedom of the characters that he has created, and the time and structure o f the novel itself. Though awkward to incorporate the authors visions in their own literature, it is manipulated fiction, meta-fiction that is, which perhaps is a subject of major interest amongst the readers of The French Lieutenants Woman. At first, in chapter 13, it becomes evident that he himself, Fowles, is uncertain of his writings, â€Å"I do not know† he immediately confirms. By the third paragraph he has repeated the word â€Å"perhaps† five times, demonstrating Fowles puzzlement of whether he restrains his characters, or, they control him ? Fowles addresses on behalf of all novelists, and comments on the natural features of writing, that a novelist has no predetermined illustration from chapter one. Fowles also states, â€Å"We wish to create worlds as real as, but other than the world that is†(pg.81), which associates to how this novel is a classical Victorian one, but, from a a modern perception. Fowles tries to link the idea of a modern perspective with existentialism, that it is no longer like the pre-ordained Victorians, but the concept that his characters are free from authority. Although Fowles aims to attaining a point of focus in chapter 13, he repeatedly, violently and offensively comments on God and faith. He sates, that he â€Å"The novelist stands next to God†, which is an scarce feature amongst people in general, the suggestion of equating yourself to God. Not only does Fowles reveal this, but following that he concludes â€Å"He may not know all, yet he tries to pretend that he does,† which may well suggest also God â€Å"does not know all†. This comparison is again evident, â€Å"the novelist is still a God, since he createsà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg.82). In addition, Fowles does not understand that in much of his views, he is speaking on behalf of thousands of authors, which possibly will find his comments rather offending.

Agriculture in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a primarily agrarian economy. Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of the economy since it comprises about 18. 6% (data released on November, 2010) of the country's GDP and employs around 45% of the total labor force. [1] The performance of this sector has an overwhelming impact on major macroeconomic objectives like employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. A plurality of Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, wheat is assuming greater importance.Tea is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. Due to a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved steady increases in food grain production despite the often unfavorable weather conditions. These include better flood control and irrigation, a generally more eff icient use of fertilizers, and the establishment of better distribution and rural credit networks.With 35. 8 million metric tons produced in 2000, rice is Bangladesh's principal crop. National sales of the classes of insecticide used on rice, including granular carbofuran, synthetic pyrethroids, and malathion exceeded 13,000 tons of formulated product in 2003. [2][3] The insecticides not only represent an environmental threat, but are a significant expenditure to poor rice farmers. The Bangladesh Rice Research Institute is working with various NGOs and international organizations to reduce insecticide use in rice. [4] In comparison to rice, wheat output in 1999 was 1. 9 million metric tons.Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap. Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladesh's agricultural sector will be its abi lity to absorb additional manpower. Finding alternative sources of employment will continue to be a daunting problem for future governments, particularly with the increasing numbers of landless peasants who already account for about half the rural labor force. Food cropsAlthough rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance. [5] Due to the expansion of irrigation networks, some wheat producers have switched to cultivation of maize which is used mostly as poultry feed. [5] Tea is grown in the northeast. [5] Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. [5] Due to a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved steady increases in food grain production despite the often unfavorable weather conditions.These include better flood control and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and the establishment of bette r distribution and rural credit networks. [5] With 28. 8 million metric tons produced in 2005-2006 (July–June), rice is Bangladesh's principal crop. [5] By comparison, wheat output in 2005-2006 was 9 million metric tons. [5] Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat. [5] Foreign assistance and commercial imports fill the gap.Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladesh's agricultural sector will be its ability to absorb additional manpower. [5] Bangladesh is the fourth largest rice [6] producing country in the world. National sales of the classes of insecticide used on rice, including granular carbofuran, synthetic pyrethroids, and malathion exceeded 13,000 tons of formulated product in 2003 [1] [2]. The insecticides not only represent an environmental threat, but are a significant expenditure to poor rice farmers.The Bangladesh Rice Research Institute is worki ng with various NGOs and international organizations to reduce insecticide use in rice [3]. Wheat is not a traditional crop in Bangladesh, and in the late 1980s little was consumed in rural areas. During the 1960s and early 1970s, however, it was the only commodity for which local consumption increased because external food aid was most often provided in the form of wheat. In the first half of the 1980s, domestic wheat production rose to more than 1 million tons per year but was still only 7 to 9 percent of total food grain production. Record production of nearly 1.5 million tons was achieved in FY 1985, but the following year saw a decrease to just over 1 million tons. About half the wheat is grown on irrigated land. The proportion of land devoted to wheat remained essentially unchanged between 1980 and 1986, at a little less than 6 percent of total planted area. Wheat also accounts for the great bulk of imported food grains, exceeding 1 million tons annually and going higher than 1. 8 million tons in FY 1984, FY 1985, and FY 1987. The great bulk of the imported wheat is financed under aid programs of the United States, the European Economic Community, and the World Food Programme.Food grains are cultivated primarily for subsistence. Only a small percentage of total production makes its way into commercial channels. Other Bangladeshi food crops, however, are grown chiefly for the domestic market. They include potatoes and sweet potatoes, with a combined record production of 1. 9 million tons in FY 1984; oilseeds, with an annual average production of 250,000 tons; and fruits such as bananas, jackfruit, mangoes, and pineapples. Estimates of sugarcane production put annual production at more than 7 million tons per year, most of it processed into a coarse, unrefined sugar known as gur, and sold domestically.

How does Charles Dickens create an atmosphere of crime and death in ‘Great Expectations’?

In this essay, I will talk about how Charles Dickens creates an atmosphere of crime and death in ‘Great Expectations'. Charles Dickens was an English novelist of the Victorian era and was considered to be one of English language's greatest writers; he was acclaimed for his rich storytelling and memorable characters and achieved massive worldwide popularity in his lifetime. ‘Great Expectations' is a novel written and serially published from 1860 to 1861 in a magazine called ‘All Year Round'. Shortly after that, it was published as a complete novel. It was set during the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The Industrial Revolution brought in a major change in the economy and society resulting from the use of machines and the efficient production of goods. Charles Dickens begins the story in a graveyard. Immediately, we are introduced to the theme of death. The weather matches with the creepy setting. It links to death by using words like â€Å"raw afternoon†; the word â€Å"raw† suggests that it is painful. â€Å"Dark† suggests evil and death; and â€Å"flat† suggests something bleak. These words all enhance the gloomy setting. The main character Pip tells us about his parents and brothers who are buried in the graveyard. He lists the names of his brothers in a matter of fact way and this shocks us. â€Å"†¦and that Alexander, Barthlomew, Abraham, Tobias and Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were also dead and buried†¦.† In the 1830s when the novel is set, half the babies died in infancy due to poor medical care and killer diseases which thrived in the appalling conditions within the society. Pip lists the names of his five dead brothers. This makes us think that the list is never-ending and highlights the presence of death. We are introduced to the theme of crime when an escaped convict by the name of Magwitch, jumps out from behind a gravestone at Pip. â€Å"Hold your noise!† At this point, he makes the reader feel frightened, as he starts to threaten Pip. Pip also sees a gibbet. â€Å"†¦a gibbet, with some chains hanging to it which once held a pirate.† A gibbet was where executed criminals were placed as a warning to others. It stands out on the horizon and looks particularly eerie in the gloomy night sky. Dickens personifies the sky to make it â€Å"angry†; the use of personification here alarms the reader because the sky feels extremely threatening. The sea is described as a â€Å"lair†; the use of the word â€Å"lair† suggests that the sea is a wild animal in a den. The wind comes rushing from the lair to get Pip. Pip becomes â€Å"a bundle of shivers†. The word â€Å"shivers† suggests fear and extreme cold, both of which and to an atmosphere of crime and death. In Chapter Three, Dickens describes the weather as a â€Å"rimy morning† and has Pip imagine a goblin that had been crying all night. This links to the guilt that Pip feels about the crime he has committed because he is upset and he feels like crying. â€Å"Rimy morning†, â€Å"very damp†, â€Å"damp lying on the bare hedges and sparegrass, like a coarser sort of spider's webs†, â€Å"the marsh-mist was so thick†, â€Å"the mist was heavier†¦.†, all these words tell us of darkness and crimes. Dickens uses a simile to compare about the â€Å"damp lying on the bare hedges†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dickens uses personification to enhance Pip's guilty conscience by using the weather, â€Å"the marsh-mist was thick† and â€Å"the marsh-mist was heavier†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The mist is clearly a metaphor for Pip's state of mind. He is literally finding it hard to find his way to the convict but also feels morally lost because of his crime. Dickens writes about a â€Å"wooden finger on the post†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dickens also uses personification to enhance Pip's guilty conscience at this point because he has committed a crime and he thinks that this signpost is telling him the only way he should go. â€Å"Like a phantom devoting me to the Hulks†, â€Å"that the wooden finger on the post†¦invisible to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dickens uses personification by heightening Pip's mind as he is confused about the whole situation. The signpost has turned into a ghastly accuser. As the confusion in Pip's mind races on, he sees an Ox which was black â€Å"with a white cravat†. This Ox of Pip's mind notices him with the pork pie and recognises that the pie is not his. â€Å"A boy with Somebody-else's pork pie! Stop him!†, â€Å"Holloa, young thief!† With its clerical air, the ox seems like a vicar, accusing him of sin. In the beginning of Chapter Eight, Dickens described the Satis House like a prison. It â€Å"was of old brick, and dismal, and had a great many iron bars to it. Some of the windows had been walled up; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred.† Iron bars are like prison bars and it is one of the places where you can't escape from. â€Å"There was also a large brewery† at the side of Satis House. This place was very idle. â€Å"There was also a large brewery. No brewing was going on in it, and none seemed to have gone on for a long long time†. Nothing growing in it signifies death and in this case, the large brewery consists of nothing but waiting death. At one point, Pip was beginning to feel cold as he went through the house. â€Å"The cold wind seemed to blow colder there, than outside the gate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This links to Pip's fear of going into the house. The more he has the feeling of becoming colder, the more he fears going into the house. He isn't really used to visiting anyone else's places except the graveyard and that's why he feels frightened of going in to the house. When Pip was about to meet Miss Havisham, Estella walked away from him and took the candle away with her. â€Å"This was very uncomfortable, and I was half afraid.† From Pip's point of view, he's afraid of the dark. He's always used to having light around him as he goes around but in this case, there was darkness; â€Å"No glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it†. This stresses the presence of evil and death. Pip is alone when he sees a woman in the dressing room in Satis House. â€Å"In an armchair, with an elbow resting on the table and her head leaning on that hand, sat the strangest lady I have ever seen, or shall ever see†, â€Å"†¦ â€Å"†¦she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white. Some bright jewels sparkled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . White is related to ghosts and ghosts come from death. She is rich with faded dresses and her house is very old. Miss Havisham is compared by Pip to a â€Å"skeleton† and a â€Å"waxwork†; the word â€Å"skeleton†, suggests that Miss Havisham could represent the presence of death. The â€Å"waxwork† suggests something that there is something about Miss Havisham which appears real but is not substantial. The â€Å"bridal flowers in her hair† compares with her white hair and obvious age suggests something eerie and bizarre. In Chapter Twenty, Pip travels to London to see Mr Jaggers in his office. â€Å"I was scared by the immensity of London; I think I might have had some faint doubts whether it was not rather ugly, crooked, narrow and dirty.† Pip has never been to London before and he was so used to living in the Marshes, he had no idea what London might look like, as in that time, London was the busiest, most crowded towns of England. Pip goes into Mr Jaggers' room and was fascinated by what he sees in it. â€Å"Mr Jaggers' room was lighted by a skylight only, and was a most dismal place†. When the novel was set, electricity wasn't really invented at that time and the only light rooms receive is the daylight. â€Å"The skylight, eccentrically patched like a broken head, and the distorted adjoining houses looked as if they had twisted themselves to peep down at me through it.† Pip is intimidated by what he sees as he has never been to an office before. Pip also sees â€Å"some odd objects about†. The skylight is personified as a victim of an assault. â€Å"Old rusty pistol†; this suggests that Mr Jaggers is a criminal and has done many crimes with the â€Å"pistol† in the past. â€Å"A sword in a scabbard†; this suggests that he is very protective of his special possessions. â€Å"Several strange-looking boxes and packages†; this suggests that there might be a few hidden surprises that Mr Jaggers doesn't want people to know yet. â€Å"Two dreadful casts on a shelf, of faces peculiarly swollen and twitchy about the nose†; this also suggests that he is very interested in dice as to see in how it was created. Pip has also never seen these kinds of objects before in his life and he too, gets fascinated as he looks into them. Pip says that Jaggers' chair is like a â€Å"coffin†. We have a mental image of Jaggers emerging like a vampire from the coffin. Pip's experiences of the law are linked to Dickens's life: his father had been imprisoned for debt and he had been a court journalist and law clerk. The choice of settings such as the frightening graveyard and the introduction of dark characters such as the sinister convict, Magwitch create the atmosphere of crime and death. Dark weather creates a sense of crime and death in a lot of scenes. Charles Dickens sums up this novel as a crime and death genre. It is also a mixture of crime and horror as well as crime and death. A drunken court official offers to show Pip a public hanging place. This sickened Pip just as it did Dickens who campaigned against such humiliating events and wanted them to be banned. Dickens spent his life campaigning against poverty, crime and death. There was crime and death everywhere all around his time and he chose this genre to make his readers aware of these and to the fact that poverty played an important part which caused high crime rate resulting in unfortunate deaths.

Free Essays on How To Click It Or Ticket

Click it or ticket â€Å"Click it or ticket†, that is what my grandson has to say every time someone gets ready to leave in an automobile. I can’t believe what one child has to say would make such a difference in my life. I was one who hated when the law passed, making not wearing seat belts illegal. I truly felt that seat belts could cause death or major injury. This was real to me, because when growing up, I was in a car accident with my sister. She was driving me and my friend to pick up a birthday cake. A Car came out of now where, ran a stop sign and completely removed the front end of the car. She was not wearing a seat belt and was able to jump into the back seat where we were. That saved her, otherwise she would have probably loss her legs or been paralyzed. Another time, about 15 years ago, she was involved in another accident. Again, not wearing a seat belt, she was broad sided on both sides of her car (a chevette). On one side by a 18 wheel vehicle and the other, a pick up truck. She was just like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, smashed together. Luckily she was not in a seat belt and was able to scoot over to the center of the vehicle. The accident was so bad; they had to get her out of the car with the Jaws of Life. She only had a few bruises and sore bones. The thing that changed my mind about seat belts happened about 4 months ago. I would never put on a seatbelt, but when listening to my grandson repeat over and over the slogan he had heard on television â€Å"click it or ticket†, I appeased him, and for this was the right thing to do. As I left home one morning, he ran up to me saying â€Å"click it or ticket† grandma, I Love You! I put on my seat belt and drove off. Not even 2 blocks away, a speeding car came through the intersection, not stopping for the sign. Guess what? BANG! There I was being hit on the tail end of my car. My car went spinning around in circles, hitting a fire hydrant, and ending ... Free Essays on How To Click It Or Ticket Free Essays on How To Click It Or Ticket Click it or ticket â€Å"Click it or ticket†, that is what my grandson has to say every time someone gets ready to leave in an automobile. I can’t believe what one child has to say would make such a difference in my life. I was one who hated when the law passed, making not wearing seat belts illegal. I truly felt that seat belts could cause death or major injury. This was real to me, because when growing up, I was in a car accident with my sister. She was driving me and my friend to pick up a birthday cake. A Car came out of now where, ran a stop sign and completely removed the front end of the car. She was not wearing a seat belt and was able to jump into the back seat where we were. That saved her, otherwise she would have probably loss her legs or been paralyzed. Another time, about 15 years ago, she was involved in another accident. Again, not wearing a seat belt, she was broad sided on both sides of her car (a chevette). On one side by a 18 wheel vehicle and the other, a pick up truck. She was just like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, smashed together. Luckily she was not in a seat belt and was able to scoot over to the center of the vehicle. The accident was so bad; they had to get her out of the car with the Jaws of Life. She only had a few bruises and sore bones. The thing that changed my mind about seat belts happened about 4 months ago. I would never put on a seatbelt, but when listening to my grandson repeat over and over the slogan he had heard on television â€Å"click it or ticket†, I appeased him, and for this was the right thing to do. As I left home one morning, he ran up to me saying â€Å"click it or ticket† grandma, I Love You! I put on my seat belt and drove off. Not even 2 blocks away, a speeding car came through the intersection, not stopping for the sign. Guess what? BANG! There I was being hit on the tail end of my car. My car went spinning around in circles, hitting a fire hydrant, and ending ...

Medieval Technology and Social Change essays

Medieval Technology and Social Change essays Medieval Technology and Social Change Oxford University Press first published Medieval Technology and Social Change in 1962. It discusses the technological advances during the medieval times and how these changes affected society. The book's author, Lynn White, Jr., was born in San Francisco in 1907. Educated at Stanford, Union Theological, and Princeton, White taught at Princeton and the University of California at Los Angeles. He was also president of Mills College in Oakland from the 1940s to the 1960s. His other works include Medieval Religion and Technology: Collected Essays, published in 1978 and Life In Medieval Technology and Social Change, White examines the role of technological innovation during the rise of social groups in the Middle Ages. White begins with the invention of the stirrup. He shows how this innovation, in turn, introduced heavy, long-range cavalry to the medieval battlefield. The development thus escalated small-scale conflict to "shock combat." Cannons and flame-throwers followed, as did more peaceful inventions, such as watermills and reapers. White also reviews the development of the manorial system with the introduction of new kinds of plows and new methods of crop rotation. He reviews the evolution of the scratch plow into the heavy plow and explains the use of each type in different areas of Europe. White next discusses the social effects of feudalism and how it spread from the Franks to Spain and later to England. He shows that military service became a matter of class, with lands and titles being exchanged for the commitment to serve as mounted warrio rs. The concept of the knight's duty to his lord translated into chivalry and noble obligation. White then ventures into the slow collapse of ...

How to Write the University of Pittsburgh Essays 2018-2019

The University of Pittsburgh (colloquially known as Pitt) is a large research university established in 1787. Located in the industrial city of Pittsburgh, Pitt is home to 17 schools and over 19,000 undergraduate students. With an acceptance rate of 60%, Pitt was ranked 26th out of all public universities in the United States by U.S. News & World Report in 2018. The university has a thriving academic community, over 350 student clubs and organizations, and is known for its positive campus atmosphere; in 2010, it was rated as having one of the top 10 happiest student bodies in the country. The University of Pittsburgh strongly encourages applicants to write three short essays, granting potential students a great opportunity to showcase multiple facets of their personality, experiences, and interests. Read on for tips to help you master these essays and boost your chances of acceptance into one of the happiest and highest-ranking public schools in the country! This prompt provides you the space to demonstrate your   passions ,   initiative , and   desire to help others . Whether the impact you have made is large or small, the essay should show how you possess each of these qualities. Some good example topics for this essay: While the first example is on a â€Å"macro† scale, the second, more â€Å"micro† example can be equally as powerful if told well. If you decide to go with a smaller-scale impact, make sure it is written as a   story ; use descriptive details that really make the reader feel as though they were also there. While you should be descriptive and   show instead of tell   no matter what you are writing about (see guide to the prompt below for more details on showing vs. telling), it is especially important when writing about an experience that could seem trivial if it is not well-described. Be sure to also illustrate the impact; for instance, for the second example above, the writer could incorporate dialogue between herself and the student when he expresses his gratitude for her reaching out to him. Submit your essay and we’ll get back to you with helpful edits. As briefly discussed in our guide   How to Write the Common Application Essays 2018-2019 , the best response to this question should demonstrate how the intersection of your personality, interests, skills, and analytical-thinking abilities creates a distinctive combination — one that would allow you to contribute in an idiosyncratic way to the college to which you are applying. Taking it one step farther, UPitt is also looking for your ability to reflect. What evidence do you have of your uniqueness? What experiences can you point to that showcase your individuality? You will likely be doing some storytelling here, so it’s extremely important to   show and not tell. Here’s an example of the difference between the two: Note that the â€Å"showing† example also   avoids using any overused adages or clichà ©s , as such sayings can diminish the strength of the experience or emotion you are trying to convey. For example, when explaining the difficulties that come with growing up, writing â€Å"the inevitable blemishes of adolescence† is more distinct and illustrative than saying something like â€Å"the rollercoaster that is high school.† For some of you, this essay will be easy to start – maybe you’ve got an odd family tradition, an uncommon identity, a niche hobby, or even a peculiar birthmark that you could write about. In that case, be sure to point to specific experiences; you could focus on just one moment and tell the story with rich detail, or skillfully connect a few experiences together into one cohesive narrative. The key is to demonstrate your uniqueness through real-life examples and show how this uniqueness will translate into helping you excel at UPitt. But what if you don’t have some extraordinarily special aspect of life to point to? Don’t worry – most of the world doesn’t. The key is to remember that you are still unique! Your specific life experiences, background, personality, interests, and a million other things form a special combination that really cannot be found in anyone else. Try writing out all of your interests, skills, and passions, and then lift out a few from the list. Next, think about how these things come together and make you special. Are there any experiences that show how you, having your distinctive mixture of these separate identities or interests or abilities, were able to meet a challenge, relate to a stranger, help a peer, or learn something new about yourself? Really dig deeply into what you believe is truly unique about you, weave a story that features an experience or two demonstrating that uniqueness, and then show how this will help you contribute something distinctive to UPitt that nobody else can. With this prompt, UPitt wants to see your creativity and problem-solving skills. In other words, you should show the admissions office how you think . The key is to think small when answering this question: what’s a problem you see, and how would you fix it? We suggest you stay away from big national or global issues like â€Å"zero hunger† or â€Å"world poverty.† However, you may be able to concentrate on smaller, more specific issues within these broad zones, and most likely, the problem you’re interested in solving will be somehow related to family or interests or specific life experiences. (Bonus points if you can combine multiple areas of specialty together, drawing on your skills and experiences from two or more different academic or extracurricular areas!) The key takeaway here is that this prompt does not require a well-tested research project that’s been presented at multiple conferences — just pick any problem you see in your daily life and come up with a creative solution for it! As a word of caution, the only constraint is the word limit. While you have 750 words, the UPitt admissions office likely prefers the 200 to 300 range that they’ve suggested. In your answer, you should aim to have a brief background of what inspired your idea, an explanation of your idea, and the potential impact you’d like to see it cause. If you present something that requires a great deal of highly technical explanations, try your best to simplify it down so that any person walking down the street can understand your proposal. And worse comes to worst, pick something else! Remember: your actual product, process, business, or organization doesn’t matter so much as your inspiration and process – the story of your creativity, problem-solving, and compassion. Want help on your Pitt application or essays? Learn about our   College Apps Program. Want us to quickly edit your college essay? Submit it to our   Rapid Review program , and we’ll get it back to you quickly with comments from our expert team.

Flim log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flim log - Essay Example The first time the viewer notices his sex appeal is the scene in the driveway where a woman calls him, apparently mistaking him for someone else (Lewis 2008). His costar. Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond acts as a faded movie star who is very attractive. She draws Gillis into her fantasy world. The movie proves to be a film noir from the point we get a view of the beautiful Gloria at the Sunset Boulevard mansion (Culbertson 2006). Most of the people at the time cared about seeing an appealing character on screen rather than the quality of the film thus casting Swanson. The screen goddess Swanson had â€Å"a lot of Norma in her† according to the director of the movie. She was sophisticated and as beautiful as a goddess. It is the main reason the director decided on the character. The movie â€Å"Samson and Delilah† has received numerous awards, including Camera d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival. The award, which is an extremely prestigious award, was for a best first feature film (Davis 2009). The movie received critical acclaim because of its interesting storyline. It is a love story between two teenagers that live in a remote community in Central Australia. The characters fit in well in the film as Samson, Rowan McNamara, gives voice to the boys who are like him. Samson, however, has a weird character that is not straight forward. He only speaks once throughout the entire film. The writer of the movie, Thornton says the movie has its basis in the Aboriginal community in Central Australia because the children in the region are written off (Gearing 2010). The two teenagers that fall in love have fought all their lives to be great. Delilah has to take care of her grandmother single-handedly (Redwood 2009). Viewers get to experience a different si de of Australia that they did not know. The success of the movie is in the setting and the film’s intimate mode of storytelling. The film also has a powerful sense of truthfulness (Davis 2009).

Working with and Leading people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Working with and Leading people - Essay Example Testing and assessment should also be done in this stage. The next step will be interviewing the candidates. This allows the organization to further understand a candidate. An interview should go beyond the skills in a resume or the score of a test - it should focus on how the candidate can apply the skills and scores in the work environment. For a position of call centre are much needed, a person possessing high level of communication skills and social interaction. These agents should have the capacity to handle customer service in an international set-up. Applicants should also possess technical knowledge in the fields where the agent is assigned. For call centre manager handling corporate clients, a perfect candidate would be a person that has superb leadership and management skills. He should also display mastery in receiving/conducting calls so that he can be a perfect example to the staff he is leading. Therefore he should have effective communication and interaction skills that his subordinates can emulate. For a human resources department administrator, an applicant should have excellent presentation skills and can motivate others by his inspirational and motivating speeches. Call centre business needs someone who can uplift the spirits of agents who are prone to be upset by distracting and irritating calls. This is exactly their job. A manager A manager that has a just and conscientious vision for his fellow employees, that is what a human resources manager should possess. He should have the zeal to improve his other employees in the company. To put this vision into action, the candidate for this post should have superb managerial and planning skills and capable of spearheading the organization towards staff development. He should also have sufficient knowledge in pertinent legal knowledge needed to ensure that employees will be given just compensation and benefits. Just like the human resources manager, the senior sales manager should be competent in meticulously planning the sales campaign of the company. He should be able to produce sales targets and quotas for his sales representatives. Training his sales force is his other significant responsibility. Because of this, he should have excellent presentation and training skills (Assessment and Selection, 2007). Security staff should be vigilant and physically fit for the position. Since security personnel are needed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, applicants should also be willing to work in different 8-hour shifts. In recruiting, human resources personnel should be wary about certain legal, regulatory and ethical requirements. The first one is the character and productivity background of the applicant. HR personnel have the responsibility to look over the attitude and behaviour of its applicants. Yet in doing so, the HR should be cautious about the legal issues in recruiting. One such concern is the right of the applicants against discrimination from disability. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the UK protects the rights of the disabled (Employer's Forum for Disability, 2004). Aside from this, UK has various laws that will protect employee's rights, such as Race Relations Act 1976, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, and Employment Equality Regulations 2003 (Independent Police Complaints Commission, n.d., p.2). Full-time long term employees have the experience unparalleled by the new-comers. They also have the zealous concern in

Foodmaster case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foodmaster - Case Study Example The case study tries to analyze the issues faced by the company at the first instance. The company had experienced high growth in bossiness until 2007, when its sales has fallen from 60$ million to 48 million. Due to fall in sales, the profit of the company was also found to fall from 25$ million (2006) to 18 $ million (2007). The context of the case study will analyze the issues faced by the company after implicitly detailing about its internal and external business environment. In the latter half, the case study will enumerate some strategies and fallacies of marketing with the help of which the company would be able to overcome the challenges of its business and prosper amidst all competition in the long run. The Foodmaster Company was founded by a group of young businessmen in 1995. The company engages in providing dairy products and is based from Kazakhstan. Its founders critically analyzed that until 1995, diary product availability was limited in the country and products like yogurt was just not domestically produced in its market. In a country where dairy farming was traditionally and widely practiced, such scarcity of diary product production only signified that the segment was not exploited for commercial purpose. Hence, the inception of the company with dairy business was primarily undertaken to tap the unexploited dairy market in its domestic economy for the first instance. The company’s diary factor shop in the town of Issyk was the first yogurt producing factory of the country. Overtime, the company has significantly expanded its scale and scope of business operations. At present it owns 2 dairy farms, 4 factories and 16 retailing branches. It has now owned the prestig e of being the biggest dairy product producing company in Kazakhstan. The company produces a wide range of diversified dairy products to meet the requirements local demands of its domestic markets. Since 2004, the company has started to

Role of Private Sector Organizations in Education Essay - 1

Role of Private Sector Organizations in Education - Essay Example Bringing the education sector right under the auspices of the private sector is important because there is more check and balance in doing the same and that there are minimal losses, both from the imparting of education as well as the financial standpoint. Also encouraging private sector organizations to come up with different education related and vocational ventures is indeed much needed at present. This is because education is usually the responsibility of the state itself but the people who could impart training regimes and coaching measures are the ones who hail from the private sector, in essence the specialists who know their work well and hence they must be given their due right to express what they can do best. Steps need to be taken to bring them in the forefront so that their undertakings could be further developed from and that there are no grey areas when the talk goes out loud regarding institutionalizing education centers and areas of excellence related with the very s ame topic. (Levine, 1985) The way in which organizations have adopted the role as the torchbearers for the society when it comes to imparting education, falls directly under the domains of the notion of corporate social responsibility. This is a term that has been spoken of at length within the present day organizational regimes due to the fact that a number of different education programs, social awareness measures, human development initiatives and general reforms have made the rounds of the organizations on a consistent basis and essentially benefited the different publics of the said organizations as well as the society. Corporate social responsibility can be applied to a business in a very innovative way. The company can invest in the social arena with much return in mind, not in the short-term but of course in the long run. Corporate social responsibility is internal to an organization; it dictates the manner in which it has to plan about the courses of action it has to carry out with respect to the society. This term basically deals with the organization's set of operations that it carries out for the welfare of the society while existing within itself. It helps the humanity in more than one ways, to train and educate them and to ponder upon issues, which can really change the fate of coming civilizations. (Berkhout, 2005) It all comes under this heading of corporate social responsibility. The Government must play its role in harnessing the skills attached with the corporate sector in finding out the better means in which it can benefit the society. For that certain loans and grants can also be fi xed for a certain company depending on its market level in the business world. Extensive research has found that corporate responsibility is becoming an essential part of any company's day-to-day undertakings. Thus, the responsibility played by the government as well as the citizens in this regard should be quite eloquent and expressive. Their voice is given due value by the company and it does just about everything to get more and more customers and consumers which in turn excites it to search for better means to get the very same people. This, in turn, attracts the company to sponsor big events and sports galas, competitions as well as come towards social welfare

The Iliad (selections), and The Poem of my Cid Essay

The Iliad (selections), and The Poem of my Cid - Essay Example To begin with, the Iliad is full of heroes. Indeed even as Homer tells the story of both the Greeks and the Trojans, it is clear this story is more a tableaux about heroism than a morality play involving good guys and bad guys. Both sides of the conflict have their villains and heroes and indeed some heroes are more heroic than others. The two most immediate heroic figures that leap from the pages are Achilles, on the Greek side, and Hector, on the Trojan side. In the entire epic, most people would agree that Hector is the more heroic and honorable, even though he is killed by Achilles. Part of these lies in the fact of what Achilles does to Hector after killing him—tying him behind his chariot and dishonoring his body. Even many Greeks believe this is an unpleasant and unbefitting thing to do, although there is no reasoning with Achilles. We see in Homer’s depiction a very complex figure. Achilles is the strongest and best fighter for the Greeks, but he is also impatie nt, childish, and brutish. No one can beat him and everyone is afraid of him, but he is not necessarily a great person. He does however sometimes have a sense of honor as when he is forced back into battle by the death of Patroclus. When he finally decides to reengage with the Trojans he does it not out of his own self-interest but to avenge his best friend. So we see that sometimes Achilles acts selflessly—a quality of heroism—and sometimes he acts selfishly as when he stops fighting and allows Greeks to be killed in battle (including Patroclus) because he is angry at Agamemnon and just decides to sit in his tent and to sulk. We can contrast this behavior to that of the honorable Hector who is defending his home and his family. He is defending his father, Priam, the king of Troy, but he is also deeply concerned about his family. When his wife Andromache tells him not to fight, he answers: "Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but

Foodmaster case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foodmaster - Case Study Example The case study tries to analyze the issues faced by the company at the first instance. The company had experienced high growth in bossiness until 2007, when its sales has fallen from 60$ million to 48 million. Due to fall in sales, the profit of the company was also found to fall from 25$ million (2006) to 18 $ million (2007). The context of the case study will analyze the issues faced by the company after implicitly detailing about its internal and external business environment. In the latter half, the case study will enumerate some strategies and fallacies of marketing with the help of which the company would be able to overcome the challenges of its business and prosper amidst all competition in the long run. The Foodmaster Company was founded by a group of young businessmen in 1995. The company engages in providing dairy products and is based from Kazakhstan. Its founders critically analyzed that until 1995, diary product availability was limited in the country and products like yogurt was just not domestically produced in its market. In a country where dairy farming was traditionally and widely practiced, such scarcity of diary product production only signified that the segment was not exploited for commercial purpose. Hence, the inception of the company with dairy business was primarily undertaken to tap the unexploited dairy market in its domestic economy for the first instance. The company’s diary factor shop in the town of Issyk was the first yogurt producing factory of the country. Overtime, the company has significantly expanded its scale and scope of business operations. At present it owns 2 dairy farms, 4 factories and 16 retailing branches. It has now owned the prestig e of being the biggest dairy product producing company in Kazakhstan. The company produces a wide range of diversified dairy products to meet the requirements local demands of its domestic markets. Since 2004, the company has started to

The Iliad (selections), and The Poem of my Cid Essay

The Iliad (selections), and The Poem of my Cid - Essay Example To begin with, the Iliad is full of heroes. Indeed even as Homer tells the story of both the Greeks and the Trojans, it is clear this story is more a tableaux about heroism than a morality play involving good guys and bad guys. Both sides of the conflict have their villains and heroes and indeed some heroes are more heroic than others. The two most immediate heroic figures that leap from the pages are Achilles, on the Greek side, and Hector, on the Trojan side. In the entire epic, most people would agree that Hector is the more heroic and honorable, even though he is killed by Achilles. Part of these lies in the fact of what Achilles does to Hector after killing him—tying him behind his chariot and dishonoring his body. Even many Greeks believe this is an unpleasant and unbefitting thing to do, although there is no reasoning with Achilles. We see in Homer’s depiction a very complex figure. Achilles is the strongest and best fighter for the Greeks, but he is also impatie nt, childish, and brutish. No one can beat him and everyone is afraid of him, but he is not necessarily a great person. He does however sometimes have a sense of honor as when he is forced back into battle by the death of Patroclus. When he finally decides to reengage with the Trojans he does it not out of his own self-interest but to avenge his best friend. So we see that sometimes Achilles acts selflessly—a quality of heroism—and sometimes he acts selfishly as when he stops fighting and allows Greeks to be killed in battle (including Patroclus) because he is angry at Agamemnon and just decides to sit in his tent and to sulk. We can contrast this behavior to that of the honorable Hector who is defending his home and his family. He is defending his father, Priam, the king of Troy, but he is also deeply concerned about his family. When his wife Andromache tells him not to fight, he answers: "Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but

The Heart of a Teacher Essay Example for Free

The Heart of a Teacher Essay As I leaned on my headboard, I found myself heading towards the enjoyment of reading this article about how the real teacher teaches with his/her heart in the classroom. And so I started reflecting on what kind of a teacher I am. Teaching at first has not come in my wildest dream but since the family whom I came from cannot afford to send me to exclusive schools or well-known universities where I can pursue my career (fine arts which I wish to pursue), there’s no way out but to take up the course of education. I fear the fact of entering this path because in the first place, it’s not my first choice and it’s none of my choices. I think I had only the nerve to enroll since my mom is also a teacher. It was funny to recall when my professor in the graduate school, Dr. Irapta, asked who among us had experienced role playing as a teacher at home during our childhood, pretending that it was a real classroom scenario. I wasn’t sure how would I answer that question since the real thing is that I hadn’t. But years went on and I started and learned to love what teaching has to offer me. And I think that I already possess what this article is trying to imply, the heart of a teacher. With this, I do agree with the statement that quotes â€Å"We became teachers for reasons of the heart, animated by a passion for some subject and for helping people to learn. † It is very evident on us who consider teaching as a vocation wherein we put our heart not only to the occupation itself but to the student-learners and the subject as well. Sometimes we’re carried by the fact that we create harmonious relationship with this community of teachers, students and subject. We’re driven by some objectives, not only for the salary but our mission and passion to help the innocent ones to get them out of their shells and discover the reality of unbelievable ideas and concepts in this world. But, we cannot deny the fact that many of us lose heart as the years of teaching go by for so many reasons. The question becomes: How can we develop and sustain, in ourselves and each other, the heart for good teaching? Good teaching requires courage – the courage to explore one’s ignorance as well as insight, to yield some control in order to empower the group, to evoke other people’s lives as well as reveal one’s own. This means overcoming fears that block good teaching and learning. When our fears as teachers mingle and multiply with the fears inside our students, teaching and learning become mechanical, manipulative, and lifeless. Some tend to be distracted with the external forces around them; some were disillusioned with the factors and techniques for reclaiming their hearts and for keeping each heart open. When we lose our heart, we need an understanding of our condition that will liberate us from this condition. We need to keep our hearts open to students so that we can make teacher and students and subjects be interwoven into the fabric of community that learning and living require. We, teachers must try to connect ourselves, as well as our subjects to students so that we can create good rapport and learning environment. There must be an inner dialogue of reflection. â€Å"Seldom, I ask the â€Å"who† question–who is the self that teaches? How does the quality of my selfhood form–or deform–the way I relate to my students, my subject, my colleagues, and my world? How can educational institutions sustain and deepen the selfhood from which good teaching comes? † In relation to this, we need to recover the heart to teach by reclaiming our relationship with the teacher within. Listening to the voice within is somewhat easy to do and in fact, helped me to simply reflect on what I have done in a day’s work. The same thing as putting my heart while reading this article and finding solitude and silence just to cope up with the question in me, â€Å"How can I develop the capacity to stand my ground in the midst of the complex forces of both the classroom and my own life? † We must reclaim our relationship with the teacher within. A teacher who invites me to honor my true self-not my ego or expectations or image or role, but the self I am. The voice of the inward teacher reminds me of my potentials and limits as I negotiate the force field of my life. What we teach will never â€Å"take† unless it connects with the inward, living core of our students’ lives, with our students’ inward teachers. We can only speak to the teacher within our students when we are speaking with the teacher within ourselves. How does one attend to the voice of the teacher within? Some particular methods are solitude and silence; meditative reading and walking in the woods, keeping a journal, finding a friend who will simply listen. I merely propose that we need to learn as many ways as we can of â€Å"talking to ourselves. † However, conversation with my peers feels like being at ease, trusted and able to trust and above all, it helps me cultivate a sense of identity and integrity that allows me to feel at home wherever I am. I experienced sometime in my own teaching when I lose touch with my inner teacher and my own authority. During those times, I tried to regain it by wielding the threat of grades but when the voice within authorized me to teach, authority comes as I reclaim my identity and integrity, as I remember my selfhood and my sense of vocation. When the teachers struggle to survive from losing their heart, I guess it would also be practical to have some fun and techniques that ordinary teachers can use in everyday class. The same thing with my experience, I use different techniques, much practical techniques, such as motivating the students and getting their attention to focus on the subject, which will result to staying alive of the students inside the classroom. It is also a daily scenario in our faculty room where they argue about what to do with the students. Some questions their own limits and potentials when it comes to dealing with the relation between the subject and students’ lives. I won’t forget when my co-teacher told me how he was envious about my strategies and techniques on classroom management and on my way of teaching; how do I make my class in order and teach with my heart while during his class with the same set of students, he fails to control the discipline and fails to earn full respect of the whole class which must be evident on their way of interaction. While listening to his clamors, I was thinking of the best techniques I could offer him, but, to my surprise, it came to the point that he was planning to quit teaching. I don’t know why he had that thought of giving up until I read this article. I realized that he has lost his heart and he must be able to understand his condition so that he can avoid himself from truly losing it and recover from it instead. This teacher must talk with the teacher within him and find out how to overcome this condition. As I go on reading the article, I found the statement that says, â€Å"The institutions in which they work are the heart’s worst enemy,† which is indeed correct. Some leaders operate with a deep, unexamined insecurity about their own identity. These leaders create institutional settings which deprive others of their identity as a way of dealing with the unexamined fears in the leaders themselves. Institutions continually try to diminish the human heart to consolidate their own power, then, the individual self of a teacher is left with a discouraging choice. In the end, the teacher will be distant from the institution or will maintain external vigilance against institutional invasion. Teachers have leadership capabilities waiting to be unlocked and engaged for the good of the schools. But if the teachers in some schools or institutions will not be given chance to grow not only professionally but also inwardly, there’s a tendency that the teacher might withdraw from teaching. The question is, â€Å"how can the institution educate students if they fail to support the teachers’ inner life? † We must create enough spaces and trusting relationships within the teachers’ workplace. With this, we may be given opportunities to grow inwardly as teachers and we can be able to tell our own struggles and joys as teachers so that healing can happen within us – not only for our sake but our teaching and students as well. With this, we can bring back our hearts to teaching and reclaim our identity and integrity in teaching.

The Horrors Of The Nuremberg Laws

The Horrors Of The Nuremberg Laws On September 15, 1935 the first two laws of the Nuremberg Laws were enacted. The laws were a clear violation of the Jewish peoples civil rights. Many of the laws imposed on the freedom of the Jewish people. These laws were enacted by a cold and cruel dictator by the name of Adolf Hitler. The Nuremberg laws were a very strict and immoral set of laws that discriminated against the Jewish people. Above all, the laws were offensive and demeaning. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889 and would eventually become a terrible dictator. He wanted to go into art school, but was rejected. The person who rejected him was Jewish, and some believe that was where his hatred toward the Jewish people came from. Hitler rose to power by being elected, he did not take control by force, he was elected by the German people. Once he had control of the government, he passed the enabling act, which enabled him to make and pass any law on his own; he did not need the approval of the rest of the government.(Palma) This is what permitted the passing of the Nuremberg Laws. After passing the laws, he focused his hatred on the Jewish people and would go on to kill millions of Jews. The Nuremberg Laws were the start of the â€Å"Aryanization† of Germany. The Nuremberg Laws were offensive and demeaning to the Jewish people. The laws labeled Jews as unclean and prohibited them from marrying Aryans. The laws also prevented them from holding respectable jobs such as a Doctor, Lawyer, Professor etc. etc. The wording of the laws referred to the Jewish people as inferior. They portrayed Jews as something they were not. One of the biggest civil rights violations of the laws was their infringement on the freedom of the Jewish people. One of the first additions to the Nuremberg Laws stated that a Jewish person could not be or become a German citizen. Jewish people who were German citizens had their citizenship revoked. The Nuremberg Laws went so far as to say that Jewish families could not employ German women under forty-five years of age as housekeepers. Many of the freedoms that the general population enjoyed were taken away from the Jewish people. The SS could storm into homes and take belongings that suggested the inhabitants of the house were Jews. They were restricted from certain areas and punished if they were caught in said areas. They were also made to wear a patch that designated them as Jews. Eventually they were forced to move from their homes into the ghettos. This forced migration corralled them to make their deportation easier and more successful. The Nuremberg Laws were and are often referred to as the â€Å"Blood Laws†. This is because they were all based on the blood of the person in question. You were considered to be Jewish if you had three grandparents who were Jewish. If you only had two, you were considered mischling of the first degree. If you had only one, you were mischling of the second degree. There were however, other ways of classifying you as Jewish. If you were a part of a Jewish church when the Nuremberg Laws were issued, or joined after, you were considered Jewish. If you were married to a Jew or were the child of a marriage with a Jew that was conducted after the ban was placed, you were considered Jewish. If you were the born out of wedlock from one or two Jewish parents, you were considered Jewish. Regardless of religious affiliation, if you met any of the criteria above, you were considered a Jew. One of the many flaws with this way of thinking is that Judaism is not a race, it is a religion. The Nuremberg laws and the Holocaust could have possibly been avoided. Maybe, if he had been accepted into art school, he would have gone on to be a painter, instead of a Dictator turned mass murderer. An early Jewish revolt could have possibly ended the holocaust. Many Jews would have been killed in the process, however, it could be argued that not as many would have died overall had there been an early Jewish revolt. All things considered, the Nuremberg Laws were one of the biggest atrocities that occurred during World War II. â€Å"The Nuremberg Race Laws† Marrus, Michouel R. The Holocaust in History. New York: Penguin Books. 1987. â€Å"The Nuremberg Laws† Palma, Heather. Personal Interview April 01, 2010 â€Å"The Triumph of Hitler†

The Avian Flu Virus in Chicken :: virus illness china Essays

The Avian Flu Virus in Chicken There are only ten more days until we celebrate our biggest holiday of the year, Chinese New Year. It is the year of the monkey, the monkey in our culture is supposed to be very lively and mischievous and full of energy. It has been three months since I had chicken, I have been eating fish and vegetables, but I really miss eating chicken meat. In our village where there are 20 families, 14 families are in the business of selling poultry to support their income, many of them also sold eggs to supplement their income. Our village has a population of 125, yet ten of the villagers have been diagnosed as having the avian flu virus, more commonly known as the H5N1 virus and of them, three had already died because of this virus. Everyone in our village is on edge as we are afraid of whether we will be the next one infected with the virus or not. Today I am going to the market to buy flowers, red meat, fruits and red envelopes to help my parents to get our house ready for the New Year. The mood in the market is the same as normal, there are more businesses than usual because everyone is busied trying to prepare for the New Year. If a visitor came to our village for a visit, the visitor would not notice any difference in our village life. However, underneath that normal exterior, something is very wrong in our village. Normally, the market is the busiest as people flocked to buy chicken and eggs so that they can cook for the New Year. The place where usually I have to shout and push my way so that I could buy a chicken from that place is now emptied. I could even hear my own echo when I shouted which disturbed me very much, I never thought that I could hear my own voice. As I walked back from the market, I stop by my neighbor and friend's house, Ngoc, to say hello to her. Her little brother, Tuan, was one of the victims of the avian flu, but unfortunately, he did not make it. I came inside her house and went to her back yard where she is holding a chicken that her father had just killed, while on the floor, there are more than 150 dead birds laying on the ground. The Avian Flu Virus in Chicken :: virus illness china Essays The Avian Flu Virus in Chicken There are only ten more days until we celebrate our biggest holiday of the year, Chinese New Year. It is the year of the monkey, the monkey in our culture is supposed to be very lively and mischievous and full of energy. It has been three months since I had chicken, I have been eating fish and vegetables, but I really miss eating chicken meat. In our village where there are 20 families, 14 families are in the business of selling poultry to support their income, many of them also sold eggs to supplement their income. Our village has a population of 125, yet ten of the villagers have been diagnosed as having the avian flu virus, more commonly known as the H5N1 virus and of them, three had already died because of this virus. Everyone in our village is on edge as we are afraid of whether we will be the next one infected with the virus or not. Today I am going to the market to buy flowers, red meat, fruits and red envelopes to help my parents to get our house ready for the New Year. The mood in the market is the same as normal, there are more businesses than usual because everyone is busied trying to prepare for the New Year. If a visitor came to our village for a visit, the visitor would not notice any difference in our village life. However, underneath that normal exterior, something is very wrong in our village. Normally, the market is the busiest as people flocked to buy chicken and eggs so that they can cook for the New Year. The place where usually I have to shout and push my way so that I could buy a chicken from that place is now emptied. I could even hear my own echo when I shouted which disturbed me very much, I never thought that I could hear my own voice. As I walked back from the market, I stop by my neighbor and friend's house, Ngoc, to say hello to her. Her little brother, Tuan, was one of the victims of the avian flu, but unfortunately, he did not make it. I came inside her house and went to her back yard where she is holding a chicken that her father had just killed, while on the floor, there are more than 150 dead birds laying on the ground.

catcher in the rye :: essays research papers

What was Holden’s problem? Use incidents and examples from the book to support your conclusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, by J.D. Salinger. The main character of the book and narrator was Holden Caulfield, who moves from prep school to prep school. He is sixteen years old and a junior at Pencey Prep. Holden is intelligent and sensitive. Holden’s problem in this book was that he felt lonely and scared of the adult world. He was also confused about life and the people in it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden feels tormented by the memory of his younger brother Allie’s death. His life was also complicated by his sexuality. This was shown all throughout the book, especially when he was with Sunny, the prostitute, in the hotel room. He had the opportunity to do sexual things with her but he did not because he felt uncomfortable. Usually Holden does not do anything to girls on dates if they say no, but it was different with the prostitute it was her job and he still decided not to do anything with her because he did not feel sexy enough.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He wants to see his sister, Phoebe, and his old girlfriend Jane Gallagher, but instead he spends time with Sally Hayes. Although, Holden says he really likes Jane but he never calls her. He is confused about his feelings. Holden got really lonely roaming around the city, so he decides to sneak back to his parents apartment to talk to Phoebe. He borrows some money from her because he was broke and she offered all her Christmas money. This is when Holden really felt like a loser. He felt that he can not accomplish to nothing taking money from his little sister, so he decides to give it back to her. This is when he started thinking much harder about life and that he needs to get into the adult world and out this little kids world and grow up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden experiences a nervous breakdown as he wonders the streets of NYC. As he is crossing the street he feels as if he is going

Drama

Removing vowels from words to analyses language and see how each sentence sounds different Implantation of characters- Give each characters characteristics of an animal that reflects their personality. Perform a scene as that animal/ Off text practical improper as animal Off text monologue Hot seating (Circle hot seating Move around circle and change roles/ask questions In role.Teacher or student facilitates process and gives topics or controls questions asked) Gender swooping Status exercise playing cards 7 stages of tension Simon Encumber who co-founded Theatre De Complicity, uses the Seven Levels of Tension when working on Improvisation. It is a method of working which shares certain escalates with Statisticians Method of Physical Action (I. E. Asking yourself Who, What, Why, Where and When) No Tension (COMA) The relaxed (A little tension) The Neutral (Not Glenn off tension) Alertness Suspense Passionate The release of tension (Exploding) One at a time Run and stop and scream.Then again exaggerated Alma to show use of control El coo Neutral mask same scene different proteomics one minute character Journey (Physically show their life in a one minute speedy movement sequence) Freeze- frames Adding dialogue- removing it Power line- good to bad angel and devil scene representing characters state of mind. Imagine there is a physical line on the floor Giving characters different objectives throughout a scene and they must achieve it in the scene regardless of dialogue Limiting dialogue to 10 key words String game.Tying characters together with strings of different lengths to explore different proteomics. Remove string and repeat scene keeping proteomics and tension exactly the same as before. Flocking exercise (flock of birds).

Nursing Dilemmas Essay

There is a set of regulations or guidelines that guide the behavior of nurses in a clinical set up. These are responsibilities towards the patients and other workers in the organization. One of the clinical dilemmas encountered when genetic test made on a case reveal a high risk of development of a medical challenge such as breast cancer. The indecisiveness comes in when as a nurse is deciding on how to handle the situation and how to break the news the patient. Some nurses and physicians will recommend regular screening and, on the other hand, others will propose surgical interventions. There will be a set of uncertainties but using the Ustaal’s nine steps of coming to a moral decision will help solve the situation. Identifying the dilemma is the first step toward realization of the best decision. It involves determining the type of a dilemma whether clinical or legal (Davis, 2010). Identifying the potential outcomes of a decision made will enable one to know the best option that will have least effects on the patient. The nurse should be able to guide the patient on the implication of either having regular checks or taking a breast surgery. By reviewing the ethical codes guiding that kind of a situation, will be helpful in following the clearest moral code. A nurse is also supposed to consider various actions that can be taken towards the situation and decide the most appropriate way to communicate them to the client. It is vital to list the possible consequences of choosing a particular course of direction towards solving the experienced dilemma and as a registered nurse one will have the best knowledge on what path to follow. Finally, a nurse will chose the best course of action, involve the patient in the decision through soliciting clients inputs in the decision and eventually, the implementation of the strategy will take place. Works Cited Davis, A. (2010). Ethical Dilemmas & Nursing Practice. USA: Julie Alexander Publishers.

A Project Report On Marketing Fundamentals Tesla

Market research is one of the vital components adopted by companies to understand the needs, beliefs and desires of the customers. Primary and secondary are the major types of research that includes market information, market segmentation, market trends, SWOT analysis and other tools that help to gain an insight of the market conditions (Elliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). Tesla is an American based automobile company that has very well positioned itself through its planned and extensive market research (Tesla, 2017). The company performed a strategic market research by using different tools such as PESTEL analysis, surveys and questionnaires and other methods to gather information from the market. Tesla used PESTEL analysis to assess the political, economic, social, legal, environmental and technological factors of the market to construe that the governments are promoting the production of environmental cars because of rising prices of fuel. The customers, on the other hand, have also begun to prefer the cars that protect the environment and do not pollute it due to which there was a demand for electric cars in the market (Forbes, 2016). Further, Tesla also conducted interviews with groups of moms and women of different ages to take their opinion about electric cars (Forbes, 2016). Thus, from the research, the company developed its marketing strategies and launched the product Model X especially for women (Forbes, 2016). The model was designed by considering the core selling points including safety, large space for kids and a third row. The engineers of the company incorporated all of this into the car design and manufacturing process. Another feature that was inferred from the research was that the female generally prefer to have a beautiful car along with ease for their children (Forbes, 2016). Thus, the company strategically used market research data to develop an effective product for the female.    Competition in a market arises when there are several players offering similar product or services to a large number of consumers. The players compete with each other in order to acquire a larger market share of the market and increase their sales revenue (Economics Online, 2017). The players could compete on the basis of prices, marketing, strategies and attributes of products to attract a greater share of target audience (Lin, 2016). Coca Cola is one of the largest producers of cold drinks with its huge network of sales and distribution around the world. The company has established its unique brand identity through its quality products and strong global recognition. Coca cola has its huge fan following that is a result of its customer loyalty (Lin, 2016). The main competitor of Coca Cola is Pepsi that is a thorn in the flesh for the company. Coca cola would have become the leading soft drink company around the world without Pepsi. The presence of Pepsi has brought significant changes in the marketing strategies of Coca Cola company. When Pepsi reduced its prices in the market of Australia, Coca cola also reduced the prices in order to maintain its position in the supermarket’s shelf. Coca cola has to incur a huge loss in order to carry out this campaign and retain its market position (Lin, 2016). The advertisements launched by Pepsi also influence the marketing strategies of Coca cola (Lin, 2016). Coca cola responds with complete maturity to the ads of the Pepsi in order to retain its position in the minds of the consumers. Thus, Coca Cola has to invest a huge amount of money to compete with Pepsi through huge advertising and marketing strategies. Coca cola has increased its advertising budget amount in order to stay in competition with the Pepsi (Lin, 2016). PESTEL analysis helps to determine the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects of a country that would facilitate the growth of the product and the company. Samsung introduced its latest product Galaxy S8 after an extensive PESTEL analysis of the market in order to acquire maximum returns from the market. The political factors include stable political conditions, country relations and the support of government. Overall Samsung has received favorable response from the market of US, Australia, Europe and developing nations of Asia (Walters, 2017). The company faced some issues due to volatility of Latin American countries that affect the operations of the company. Samsung Galaxy S8 has captured the market in a short span of time in the developing nations but faced some issues in developed nations due to low purchasing power of the customers. Korea’s strong currency also affected the revenue of the product. The market has witnessed rising popularity of electronic and mobile devices among the consumers because of changing and emerging technology. The main challenge that the company faces is the frequent changes in the demands of the consumers. Samsung has very well tailored its product to suit the needs of almost every consumer around the world (Walters, 2017). Samsung is one of the most innovative companies that stays ahead of its competitors and makes optimum use of technology to offer the latest products to the customers. Samsung has produced amazing software and applications by effectively blending the market demand and technology in a single product Galaxy S8 (Walters, 2017). Samsung has to face numerous issues regarding Copyrights and patents. The company also faced challenges regarding wireless communication regulations and had to adhere to the laws and regulations pertaining to electronic device safety around the globe. Samsung has always considered the laws and regulations of the environment and has deployed processes that do not pollute the environment. SWOT analysis is used by the companies to determine their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to develop a marketing plan (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). Woolworths is one of the Australian retail based firm that consistently enhance its strategies in order to retain its market position. Woolworths occupies the largest market share of Australia and is the pioneer firm to introduce the concept of retail chain (Greenblat, 2017). The retail chain has established its brand name and unique identity through its quality products and services. Woolworths is one of the oldest retail companies but does not have a global presence when compared to its competitors. The retail chain also has not been successfully able to develop a sustainable unique selling proposition that questions its credibility and market positioning (Berry, 2016). The company delayed to enter online market due to which it has to face tough competition. Woolworths could expand its business by exploring new markets and establish its global presence. It could deploy franchise model and joint venture strategy in the beginning in order to penetrate deeper in the market. The cost of food material and other products has witnessed an increase that could affect the profitability of the firm. The ongoing recession has also influenced the activities of the organization. There is an intense pressure in the market from Aldi and Coles that is again affecting the market share of the company (Berry, 2016).    From the SWOT analysis, the company has explored its opportunities by entering the international market of UK through marketing mix element. Product: Woolworths introduced its quality services that ensure freshness of food and high product quality (The Conversation, 2017). Price: Woolworths has deployed economical pricing strategy in order to capture the market (The Conversation, 2017). Promotion: Woolworths offered discount offers to attract large number of audience. Place: Woolworths opened its stores in the main market area in order to attract the audience. Segmentation is the process of dividing the entire market into smaller segments to determine segment for the company (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). Segmentation could be done on the basis of demographics, geography, lifestyle and psychology of the customers.   The different segments could include youngsters, executives, professionals, adults, female, housewives, unemployed and college students (Elliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). After segmenting, a particular group of people called target market is targeted by the industry through strategic marketing and advertising. Positioning is influencing the minds of consumers through effective marketing strategies (Elliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). Retail industry is one of the largest industries of Australia that targets a large group of segment. Around 70%-90% of the consumers prefer to shop their groceries and other household material from the retail chains because of the availability of a wide range of products (Greenblat, 2017). The target customers of retail industry include housewives, females, adults and middle aged people. The customers are attracted towards the retail chains because of low priced products and quality services (Greenblat, 2017). Thus, the retail industry has very well identified its target group from which it can increase its sales revenue and profitability. Further, the strategic positioning involves offering low priced product along with quality services, discounts and special offers during festive season also excite the customers to shop from retail stores. The customers are also promised fresh food products and customized services such as home delivery, app based shopping and other unique services (Greenblat, 2017). The consumers feel elated and experience a unique shopping experience with the retail stores that compels them to shop for next time and become a loyal customer. Thus, the industry has strategically positioned itself as a low cost brand that offers quality services along with a unique experience to its consumers. Brand management is one of the most crucial elements of marketing that has occupied the top most concern for the leaders of the companies. A brand has to consistently evolve itself in order maintain its sustainability by meeting the customer demands. Apple is one of the examples of successful brand management around the world. The brand has very well utilized and internalized the concept of perceived value due to which the consumers always assess the benefits of its products of much higher value as compared to their prices. The brand has built itself by connecting with the consumers through their emotions that they experience while using the Apple’s products (Bajarin, 2016). The customers never forget a brand with which they have had a great experience and Apple has very well internalize this process through its highly innovative and technologically advanced products. Another major reason for Apple’s success is its risk taking ability and targeting the emerging market through which it became a pioneer and leader in the electronics market (Scheidies, 2017). Nokia is a Finnish multinational corporation that demonstrates the example of failed brand. Nokia might have evolved as successful brand but failed miserably because of its ineffective marketing strategies. The major reason for Nokia’a failure was Nokia did not deploy appropriate marketing strategies and projected itself more like an engineering company in the market (Huy, 2016). The company could not touch the chord of the consumers through its products and services. The company was rather more focused to build hardware devices instead of satisfying the needs of the consumers. Nokia always underestimated the significance of software in a mobile set due to which it was unable to adapt itself with the transitioning business environment (Surowiecki, 2016). Nokia never adapted the latest operating system and insisted on its hardware design. Another blunder of Nokia was its inability to analyze its competition that it faced from Apple and Samsung. Elliott, G., Thiele, S.R., and Waller, D. (2014). Marketing. Australia: John Wiley & Sons. Forbes. (2016). Tesla's Unique Position In The Car Market Is One Of Its Biggest Strengths. Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/07/02/teslas-unique-position-in-the-car-market-is-one-of-its-biggest-strengths/#427a537e3ad7 [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Huy, Q. (2016). Who Killed Nokia? Nokia Did. Insead Knowledge. Available at: https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/who-killed-nokia-nokia-did-4268 [Accessed Online 4 May 2017]. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F., and McDaniel, C. (2008). Essential of Marketing. Cengage Learning. Surowiecki, J. (2016). Where Nokia Went Wrong. New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/where-nokia-went-wrong [Accessed Online 4 May 2017].